In electronics, a short-channel effect is an effect whereby a MOSFET, in which the channel length is the same order of magnitude as the depletion-layer widths (xdD, xdS) of the source and drain junction, behaves differently from other MOSFETs.
As the channel length L is reduced to increase both the operation speed and the number of components per chip, the so-called short-channel effects arise.[1]
The short-channel effects are attributed to two physical phenomena:
In particular five different short-channel effects can be distinguished: